Alimentos ricos em flavonóides reduzem a pressão arterial por meio de bactérias intestinais

Post:  Flavonoid-rich foods lower blood pressure via gut bacteria

by James Kingsland 

• Vinho tinto e frutas como frutas vermelhas, maçãs e peras são ricos em antioxidantes chamados flavonóides, que podem proteger contra doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e câncer.
• Um novo estudo descobriu que as pessoas que consomem mais flavonóides tendem a ter pressão arterial mais baixa.
• A diversidade e a composição da microbiota intestinal - que é a comunidade de microrganismos que vivem no intestino - parecem desempenhar um papel na associação entre os flavonóides e a pressão arterial.
• Essa descoberta pode ajudar a explicar por que os flavonóides têm benefícios cardiovasculares tão variáveis ​​para diferentes indivíduos.

Os conselhos dietéticos dos profissionais de saúde podem parecer tristes, geralmente exigindo que as pessoas fiquem longe de uma lista de guloseimas que os cientistas descobriram ser “ruins” para a saúde.

As principais exceções a essa regra são os alimentos e bebidas ricos em flavonóides, que incluem chocolate amargo, mirtilos e morangos.

A pesquisa indica que os flavonóides podem proteger contra:

• pressão altaFonte confiável
• ataque cardíaco e derrame
• Diabetes tipo 2Fonte confiável
• certos tipos de câncer

Um novo estudo sugere agora que as bactérias que vivem em nosso intestino, conhecidas como microbiota intestinal, podem ser parcialmente responsáveis ​​pelo efeito benéfico dos flavonóides da dieta sobre a pressão arterial.

A pressão arterial elevada é um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares , que é o principal causa de morteFonte confiável nos Estados Unidos.

Pesquisadores da Queen's University Belfast, na Irlanda do Norte, Reino Unido, conduziram recentemente um estudo que descobriu que indivíduos que consumiam alimentos mais ricos em flavonóides tendiam a ter pressão arterial mais baixa.

A diversidade da microbiota intestinal dos participantes foi responsável por uma parte significativa da associação entre flavonóides e pressão arterial.

Especificamente, a análise dos cientistas descobriu que comer 1,6 porções de frutas vermelhas por dia - onde uma porção equivale a 1 xícara ou 80 gramas de frutas vermelhas - estava associado a uma redução média de 4,1 milímetros de mercúrio (mm Hg) na pressão arterial sistólica.

A pressão arterial sistólica é a pressão nas artérias de uma pessoa quando o coração se contrai, enquanto a pressão arterial diastólica é a pressão quando o coração relaxa. Em uma leitura de pressão arterial, o primeiro número é a pressão arterial sistólica e o segundo é o valor diastólico.

Uma pressão arterial saudável é geralmente menos de 120/80 mm HgFonte confiável , enquanto a hipertensão é tipicamente 140/90 mm Hg ou mais.

A diversidade e composição da microbiota intestinal explicaram cerca de 11,6% da associação entre o consumo de frutas vermelhas e a pressão arterial.

Da mesma forma, beber 2,8 copos de vinho tinto por semana (125 mililitros por copo) foi associado a uma redução de 3,7 mm Hg na pressão arterial sistólica. A microbiota intestinal foi responsável por 15,2% dessa associação.

“Comer 1,5 porções de frutas vermelhas por dia resultou em reduções clinicamente relevantes na pressão arterial sistólica”, disse o autor principal Aedín Cassidy, Ph.D. , presidente e professor de nutrição e medicina preventiva no Institute for Global Food Security da Queen's University.

Ela disse ao Medical News Today que uma classe de flavonóides chamada antocianinas parece ser a chave para esse efeito.

As antocianinas são as moléculas de pigmento responsáveis ​​pela cor vermelha ou azul de muitas frutas, incluindo uvas vermelhas, mirtilos, groselhas pretas e amoras.

Pesquisas anteriores descobriram que as bactérias intestinais decompõem os flavonóides em compostos que têm efeitos protetores mais poderosos sobre o coração.

Por outro lado, o consumo regular de alimentos ricos em flavonóides também influencia a composição da microbiota intestinal.

“Uma melhor compreensão da variabilidade altamente individual do metabolismo dos flavonóides poderia muito bem explicar por que algumas pessoas têm maiores benefícios de proteção cardiovascular de alimentos ricos em flavonóides do que outras”, disse o Prof. Cassidy em um comunicado à imprensa sobre o estudo.

A pesquisa aparece na revista Hypertension .

Questionário alimentar

Para seu estudo, os pesquisadores analisaram dados de 904 adultos com idades entre 25-82 anos que faziam parte de um banco de dados médico na Alemanha chamado de biobanco PopGen.

A equipe avaliou a ingestão de flavonóides dos participantes durante o ano anterior, usando um questionário alimentar que avaliou o consumo de 112 alimentos diferentes.

Para medir a diversidade e composição da microbiota intestinal dos participantes, os cientistas usaram uma técnica padrão que envolve o sequenciamento do material genético de bactérias em amostras de fezes.

Para obter uma medida uniforme e confiável da pressão arterial dos voluntários, os pesquisadores pediram que eles jejuassem durante a noite. Pela manhã, os participantes descansaram por 5 minutos antes que a equipe fizesse três medições consecutivas de sua pressão arterial em intervalos de 3 minutos.

Os cientistas usaram a média da segunda e terceira medições em suas análises.

Eles foram responsáveis ​​por uma ampla gama de outros fatores que podem afetar a pressão arterial dos participantes, incluindo sexo, idade, tabagismo, uso de medicamentos, atividade física e histórico familiar de doença arterial coronariana.

O artigo do estudo não faz menção à raça ou etnia dos participantes.

O maior consumo de frutas vermelhas, maçãs, pêras e vinho tinto - todos ricos em flavonóides - foi associado a uma pressão arterial sistólica mais baixa, embora não diastólica.

Além disso, os participantes que consumiram mais flavonóides tendem a ter uma maior diversidade de bactérias em seus intestinos em comparação com aqueles que consumiram menos.

Eles também tinham uma abundância menor de um gênero de bactéria conhecido como Parabacteroides e uma abundância maior de espécies da família de bactérias Ruminococcaceae .

Bagas com orçamento limitado

Como frutas vermelhas frescas, como morangos, amoras e mirtilos, podem ser caras, algumas pessoas podem achar difícil comê-las regularmente.

No entanto, o Prof. Cassidy aconselhou a MNT que as frutas congeladas, que retêm seu conteúdo de antocianina, podem ser uma alternativa econômica.

Ela acrescentou que atualmente há evidências limitadas de que os suplementos de flavonóides fornecem os mesmos benefícios que os flavonóides na dieta.

A longo prazo, o Prof. Cassidy disse que os cientistas poderiam criar alimentos prebióticos ou probióticos que ajudassem a reduzir a pressão arterial, promovendo a degradação dos flavonóides pelas bactérias intestinais.

“No momento, esta área de pesquisa está em sua infância, mas no futuro, uma vez que estabelecermos quais insetos são necessários para metabolizar e decompor os flavonóides em formas mais bioativas no intestino, existe o potencial de desenvolver pré ou probióticos para melhorar o metabolismo dos flavonóides ”, disse ela.

O Prof. Cassidy recebe financiamento e é consultor do US Highbush Blueberry Council .

Tracy Parker , que é nutricionista sênior da British Heart Foundation e não esteve envolvida na pesquisa, deu as boas-vindas às novas descobertas.

“No entanto, isso não é tudo certo para abrir uma garrafa de vinho tinto”, disse ela ao MNT .

Ela destacou que os riscos aumentados de derrame e demência vascular associados ao consumo de álcool superam quaisquer benefícios potenciais de beber vinho tinto.

“A melhor maneira de manter a pressão arterial sob controle é fazer uma dieta balanceada, incluindo muitas frutas e vegetais, praticar exercícios regularmente e manter um peso saudável”, concluiu ela.

Os autores observam algumas limitações de seu estudo, incluindo o fato de que os alimentos ricos em flavonóides contêm outros produtos químicos promotores da saúde, como o resveratrol.

Esses produtos químicos também podem ajudar a reduzir a pressão arterial.

Fonte: MNT

As informações e sugestões contidas neste blog são meramente informativas e não devem substituir consultas com médicos especialistas.

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Cancer News Digest: Latest Developments in Cancer Research and Treatment for July

By By Liz Scherer   -   Medically Reviewed by Thomas Urban Marron, MD, PhD

 Large studies find a credible link between a plant-based died and reduced breast cancer risk; the upside of less intervention for men with low-risk prostate cancer; and more cancer news from July 2021

News breaks in the cancer arena all the time. Sometimes it’s big — like word that a breakthrough drug has increased survival for a hard-to-treat cancer. Sometimes it’s smaller. Any of it may matter to you and your family as you navigate your cancer journey. We do our best to keep you up-to-date with a monthly roundup of some of the most significant recent cancer news.

Plant-Based Diet Is Linked to Reduced Breast Cancer Risk

What’s new Adherence to a high-quality plant-based diet may lower a person's total risk of  breast cancer, independent of body weight or intake of dietary fiber or carotenoids (organic pigments believed to reduce disease risk), according to research published online in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Research details Researchers assessed adherence to an overall plant-based diet index (PDI) consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea or coffee, a healthful PDI (hPDI), which included the prior list plus fruit juices, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets, and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI), which also included animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish or seafood, and meat, in 76,690 women participating in the ongoing Nurses Health Study (NHS) and 93,295 participants in the ongoing Nurses Health Study II (NHSII). Participants were asked to complete food-frequency questionnaires regarding intake of the 18 food groups every four years. Breast cancer incidence (self-reported every two years) was also reviewed. Overall, 12,482 women developed invasive breast cancer. Women who reported consistent intake of a plant-based diet or a healthful plant-based diet had an 11 percent decreased risk of breast cancer, regardless of their weight or their intake of carotenoids or fiber. Those who were most adherent to a plant-based diet had a 23 percent reduced risk of developing more aggressive, ER-negative breast cancer specifically. But women who consumed the most unhealthful version of the diet consistently had a 28 percent increased risk of ER-negative breast cancer.

Why it matters While previous studies have suggested a relationship between a healthier diet and reduced breast cancer risk, research findings have been mostly inconsistent. This study is large, and while it is based on self-reports, which are fallible, it suggests that diet quality and consistency may confer important benefits in terms of reducing the risk of breast cancer.

RELATED: 10 Great Cookbooks for Anyone on a Plant-Based Diet

More Evidence That Alcohol Is Triggering a Rise in Cancer

What's new Alcohol consumption accounted for roughly 4 percent of all new cancers worldwide in 2020, according to a population study published online July 13 in the journal Lancet Oncology.

Research details A growing body of evidence has linked alcohol consumption with increased cancer risk. In this study, researchers assessed estimated global alcohol consumption, risks of alcohol for specific cancer types, and global incidence of those cancers in 2020. Findings showed that drinking contributed to 741,300 cases of newly diagnosed esophageal, mouth, larynx, colon, rectum, liver, and breast cancer. Moderate drinking (<.70 ounces per day) contributed to nearly 14 percent (103,100) of cases, while risky drinking (.70 to 2.11 ounces per day) contributed to about 39 percent (29,800) of cases, and heavy drinking (>2.11 ounces per day) contributed to about 48 percent (227,900) of cases. The highest frequency of cancers were seen in men, with the majority of cases being esophageal cancer.

Why it matters Excessive alcohol consumption has increasingly been identified as an important driver of cancer, but alcohol is also one of the most modifiable cancer risk factors. People who drink excessively may wish to speak to their clinicians about strategies for cutting back, especially those with a family history of cancer.

RELATED: 5 Things Drinking Too Much Alcohol May Be Doing to Your Body

Close Monitoring May Be Best for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

What’s new Findings from two studies presented at this year’s European Association of Urology Congress underscore the important role played by close monitoring (also known as “active surveillance”), in which patients receive regular testing and diagnostic exams to monitor the progression of their disease before initiating invasive treatment in the management of low-risk prostate cancer, especially in men older than 60. The data showed improvements in quality of life for these men, and they experienced fewer problems with sexual function, which can be impaired by treatment.

Research details In the first study, Swedish researchers developed a computerized modeling exercise to examine the long-term safety of active surveillance in 23,649 men with prostate cancer. The findings showed that only a small proportion of men over age 70 died before age 85, including those determined to have very low risk, low risk, or intermediate risk prostate cancer. The largest benefit was seen in men older than 65 with low risk prostate cancer. In the second study, Belgian researchers invited 2,943 men with prostate cancer with a median age of 71 who were currently undergoing treatment or had done so in the past to participate in an online survey. In the study, 71 percent of men who received more aggressive treatments (radical prostatectomy, radiation, radiation with hormone deprivation therapy) reported very poor to poor ability to reach an erection, versus 45 percent of men on active surveillance. Other indicators of sexual function were also better in men who were on active surveillance.

Why it matters Depending on age at diagnosis, active surveillance may be the best option for men with low-risk prostate cancer, conferring the least amount of impact on sexual function and little or no impact on risk of dying of prostate cancer.

Heart Failure Tied to Higher Cancer Incidence

What’s new People with heart failure appear to have a significantly increased incidence of cancer, although researchers are unclear as to the exact reason for the association, according to a study published online June 27 in ESC Heart Failure journal.

Research details German researchers assessed cancer incidence in 100,124 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure compared with 100,124 without the disease between January 2000 and December 2018. Participants’ mean age was 72.6 years, and 54 percent were women. During the observation period, findings showed that 25.7 percent of patients with heart failure were also diagnosed with cancer, compared with 16.2 percent of patients without heart failure. By cancer type, heart failure patients had roughly twice the risk of lip, oral, or throat cancers, about a 91 percent increased risk of respiratory cancers, and an 86 percent and 52 percent greater risk of genital cancers in women and men, respectively. Patients suffering from heart failure also had an 83 percent greater incidence of skin cancer, a 77 percent greater risk of lymph and blood cancers, a 75 percent increased risk of digestive tract cancers, and a 67 percent higher risk of breast cancer.

Why it matters The data show a significantly increased incidence of many cancer types in patients with heart failure. More intense cancer screening might be in order for these patients, but patients should discuss a plan with their doctor that's based on individual risk factors and comorbid conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, which also increase the risk of both heart failure and cancer, as well as other lifestyle factors that might contribute to cancer risk.

RELATED: Food Rx: A Cancer Expert Shares What He Eats in a Day

New Drug Combination Treatment Approved for Advanced Uterine Cancer

What’s new The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported full approval of combination Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Lenvima (lenvatinib) for treatment of advanced uterine cancer (also called endometrial cancer), according to the drugs’ manufacturers. The novel treatment combination has been shown in clinical trials to shrink tumors and improve survival in women with a certain type of advanced uterine cancer that is unresponsive to systemic therapy and ineligible for curative surgery or radiation.

Research details Full approval was based on a phase 3 study in a subgroup of 697 women who received 200 milligrams (mg) of Keytruda intravenously every three weeks for up to 35 cycles plus 20 mg of Lenvima orally once daily, or chemotherapy. Study participants had a certain type of advanced uterine cancer that is not associated with cancer cells that have high numbers of mutations in short DNA sequences called microsatellites (also known as microsatellite-instability-high), and not associated with cancer cells that have mutations in genes involved in correcting mistakes in DNA copies (also known as mismatch repair deficient). Findings showed that women taking Ketruda-Lenvima had a 32 percent reduction in their risk of dying, and a 40 percent reduction in both risk of disease progression and death (called “progression-free survival”) compared with those treated with chemotherapy. The combination treatment also helped partially shrink tumors in 28 percent of women, according to the manufacturer’s website.

Why it matters Uterine cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in U.S. women. When caught early, it has an 81 percent survival rate, according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Only 17 percent of women with advanced uterine cancer survive the disease. What’s more, women whose cancer is not a candidate for curative surgery or radiation, or that progresses despite treatment, have few treatment options. The new treatment combination is a promising strategy for women whose options were previously limited.

RELATED: FDA Watch: J&J Vaccinations Resume, Fake COVID-19 Therapies, Uterine Cancer Drug Fast-Tracked, Brie Cheese Recalls Over Salmonella Concern

Fonte: Every Day Health

As informações e sugestões contidas neste blog são meramente informativas e não devem substituir consultas com médicos especialistas.

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Vitamin D More Effective Cancer-Fighter in Old Age

By Ty & Charlene Bollinger 

Vitamin D is one of the most powerful and abundant resources on the planet. Vitamin D can help strengthen your bones and teeth. It can help regulate insulin levels, combat diabetes, and prevent unhealthy weight gain. Vitamin D also supports your immune system, helping your body’s natural defenses protect you from disease (which is why it’s so effective against COVID-19). Proper vitamin D levels can even result in healthier pregnancies, healthier infants, and improved mental health. 

On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and autism. Over 40% of American adults are deficient in vitamin D, which is why getting regular time in the sun (and boosting your levels with diet and supplements) is so important. 

A June 2007 Creighton University School of Medicine study indicated that appropriate levels of vitamin D3 (and calcium) reduced the risk of cancer by a staggering 77%! A 2009 study by a group of Leeds University researchers actually found that higher levels of vitamin D were linked to improved skin cancer survival odds, while other studies have found that vitamin D has a connection to a strong immune response in the body.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight is used by your skin to make vitamin D, which is a cancer-fighting superstar. For those of us farther from the equator, we only get a little bit of UVB, usually in the middle of the day and during summer months. By comparison, people living in countries closer to the equator are bathed in UVB year-round for most of the day.

But new research shows that the anti-cancer effects of vitamin D increase substantially in older age – especially in those over 45. With good vitamin D levels, cells can communicate better with their neighboring cells due to higher production of cadherin molecules. With low vitamin D levels, cells don’t know that they are surrounded by other cells, so they divide uncontrollably, causing cancer.

Research published in BMC Public Health suggests that the anti-cancer effect of vitamin D is hard to notice in people under age 45. The study’s researchers analyzed the global differences in colorectal cancer (one of the most common forms of cancer). They found that younger people in low-UVB countries had nearly the same rates of cancer as younger people in high-UVB countries. However, when looking at people older than 45, those in low-UVB countries had dramatically higher rates of cancer than those in high-UVB countries.

Now, this certainly doesn’t mean that vitamin D isn’t important in younger people. In fact, it’s most important to maintain healthy levels while you’re young. You see, the cancer-causing effects of low vitamin D take a long time to develop. Just because we don’t observe the impact on cancer until later in life doesn’t mean we should wait to start getting prime sunshine. 

Vitamin D is a powerful cancer-fighter at any age. As we get older, it can be harder to get the vitamin D that our bodies need. Especially in winter, as the earth tilts further away from the sun, it’s essential that we boost our vitamin D levels with nutrition and supplements. It could be the difference between life and death. 

In 2019, three meta-analyses were published that show a consistent and significant 13% reduction in cancer mortality with vitamin D. Each year there are nearly 10 MILLION deaths caused by cancer. If vitamin D can reduce cancer mortality by 13%, we could potentially save 1,300,000 lives every year!

Earlier this year, a group of German researchers had the same hypothesis. In an article titled “Vitamin D supplementation to the older adult population in Germany has the cost-saving potential of preventing almost 30 000 cancer deaths per year” (published in the scientific journal Molecular Oncology), they proposed that all patients older than 50 years receive vitamin D supplements.

If all persons older than 50 in Germany were given a daily dose of 1000 IU of vitamin D, almost 30,000 cancer deaths a year could be prevented, and Germany’s annual costs for cancer care would be slashed by more than €250 ($300) million, says the team. 

“I was surprised by the magnitude of the effect that could be achieved with something as cheap as vitamin D, which costs almost nothing,” lead author Tobias Niedermaier, PhD, an epidemiologist at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, told Medscape Medical News.

We’ve mentioned already that our bodies can convert UBV light into vitamin D, but (for most of us) that simply isn’t an option all year long. From October to March, you may consider the following foods – all of which are loaded with vitamin D:

• oily fish – such as salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel
• red meat
• liver
• egg yolks
• fortified foods – such as some fat spreads and breakfast cereals

Another option is to choose a dietary supplement. Unfortunately, not all supplements are created equal. Believe it or not, many vitamins that are marketed as “natural” in your local grocery store are actually synthetic, and to call a synthesized vitamin “natural” is an oxymoron. Natural vitamins are made by God. 

They’re not “created”(synthesized) from something by experts in laboratories, with various components being isolated from other essential components. The fact of the matter is that isolated, synthetic nutrients are not found anywhere in nature.

We cannot isolate nutrients from the whole complex and then expect them to do the same job as the whole complex is designed to do. In other words, they are parts of an entire synergistic complex that serve a good purpose when they are part of the whole. But they will not provide the fuel that your body needs unless they are part of a well-orchestrated “nutritional symphony.”

What we need are bioavailable, synergistic, nutrient complexes only found in whole-food-based supplements. With the right supplements and diet – combined with a healthy dose of sunlight – you can reduce your cancer risk well into your golden years and live a happier, healthier life.

Fonte: The Truth About Cancer

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Cancer Patients’ Use of Complementary Therapies

Let’s start with a clarification: complementary therapies are used in addition or alongside of conventional western medical care, while alternative therapies are used instead of the standard treatments. There is limited or no medical/scientific evidence to support the use of some complementary therapies and many alternative ones. You may also have heard the expression CAMs; that means complementary and alternative medicines. 

73% of women with breast cancer reported using at least one kind of CAM therapy while their doctors estimated that only 43% did so.

Examples of complementary therapies are acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, homoeopathy and naturopathy. Examples of alternative medicines are large doses of vitamins or supplements in place of other prescribed medications, colonic irrigation and special diets or herbs described as preventing or curing disease. Many Americans use CAM therapies for many reasons, usually adding them to conventional treatments. Recent surveys have shown that about one third of Americans use one or another CAM modality.

What about cancer patients? A large percentage of cancer patients and survivors use or have used some type of complementary or alternative medicine. Their goals include relieving pain, nausea, and other symptoms and side effects as well as directly hoping to treat the cancer. A recent survey released at last month’s American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meetings showed a shocking disconnect between patient use and their doctors’ estimates of that use. For example, 73% of women with breast cancer reported using at least one kind of CAM therapy while their doctors estimated that only 43% did so. Some studies have shown as many as 90% of cancer patients use CAM treatments, but most studies report closer to 50% use.

There are many articles and books that describe the positive effects of cancer patients using CAM therapies along with prescribed chemotherapy or radiation treatments. There are also papers that describe negative effects, but the reasons for the dangers are not usually made clear. The simple explanation is that possible interactions between cancer drugs, radiation, immunotherapy or other kinds of cancer treatments and CAM therapies have not been studied or understood. Most people would hesitate if they realized that taking large doses of vitamins or supplements could interfere with the benefit of their treatment. Directly stated: why would you choose to put yourself through chemo and simultaneously do something that might make the chemo less effective? On the other side, reports of positive outcomes suggest a strong need for more research, but specifics are not supplied.

It is very important that patients are honest with their doctors about their CAM use. All cancer providers support patients doing everything they can to help themselves but worry about all the unknowns. The recent survey underscores the low disclosure rate and the need for better communication. Patients may feel that their doctors will disapprove of their choices, and many physicians are less than fully knowledgeable about some CAM therapies. Patients are more likely to get their information about these treatments from family, friends or the popular press. Most doctors strongly feel that they need to know what other treatments their patients are considering or using. This is likely generally true, but especially so for cancer doctors who worry about possible harm. One study found that 80% of cancer providers feel that interactions between herbal treatments or supplements and cancer treatments are problematic. Interestingly, only 15% could elaborate about those concerns. The information and the communication gaps are huge.

Most cancer clinicians are completely comfortable with any CAM treatments that don’t involve ingesting anything. Specifically, there are few if any worries about acupuncture, Reiki or Chi Gong, but lots of worries about supplements and herbs. There is a lot of room for options here; for example, some research has suggested some anti-cancer value for green tea, and that seems safe. The worries are more directed at herbs and teas and supplements that have not been examined and are unknown.

The important message here is that is important for patients and their doctors to discuss this issue. There are many things to discuss during a medical appointment, and this may seem less pressing than some other things, but it is vital that your doctor is aware of any CAM treatments that you are using.

Join the BIDMC Cancer Community and share your thoughts.

As informações e sugestões contidas neste blog são meramente informativas e não devem substituir consultas com médicos especialistas.

É muito importante (sempre) procurar mais informações sobre os assuntos